Pirate Story

What is children’s cinema? This thesis explores this question by identifying three codes of children’s film and illuminating them through a short film entitled “Pirate Story.” The film is about a boy and his grandfather, and the pirates that inhabit a bedtime story. The pirates compete with the grandfather to have narrative authority over their own existence. This film examines the role of the narrator, use of animation, and absence of the parental figures as elements that are signifiers of children’s cinema. It was shot on HD video, with animation created in After Effects. Production also involved creation of a life-size pirate ship set, costumes, and musical score. This film serves to show that children’s cinema contains unique codes that inform the audience’s viewing experience and are important in the development of spectatorship into adulthood

Landscaping in the Utah Wildland-Urban Interface

The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is simply where human development mingles with wildland, or in other words, developed land next to undeveloped land. This area is at the highest risk for damage from wildfire. As our communities grow outward, the WUI is only expanding, putting more people at risk from wildfire. Therefore, it is important for homes built there to have fire-protective landscaping. Also, because Utah is a desert state currently in a drought, low-water landscaping is important for all Utah landscapes, including the WUI. This fact sheet addresses these issues and provides guidance on fire-protective and low-water landscaping

Developing and Piloting a Design Guide for Outdoor Classrooms in Utah

The outdoor classroom design guide can help applicants successfully apply for the Utah Outdoor Classroom Grant introduced by the Office of Outdoor Recreation (OOR) in 2021. The design guide includes case studies, design resources, and critical information for community involvement from statewide locations and will serve as a free public resource

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS

Transmission spectroscopy provides insight into the atmospheric properties and consequently the formation history, physics, and chemistry of transiting exoplanets. However, obtaining precise inferences of atmospheric properties from transmission spectra requires simultaneously measuring the strength and shape of multiple spectral absorption features from a wide range of chemical species. This has been challenging given the precision and wavelength coverage of previous observatories. Here, we present the transmission spectrum of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b obtained using the SOSS mode of the NIRISS instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans $0.6 - 2.8 \mu$m in wavelength and reveals multiple water absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet, as well as signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS-SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favoring a heavy element enhancement ("metallicity") of $\sim 10 - 30 \times$ the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-gray clouds with inhomogeneous coverage of the planet's terminator.Comment: 48 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Under review at Natur

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key chemical species that is found in a wide range of planetary atmospheres. In the context of exoplanets, CO2 is an indicator of the metal enrichment (that is, elements heavier than helium, also called ‘metallicity’), and thus the formation processes of the primary atmospheres of hot gas giants. It is also one of the most promising species to detect in the secondary atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. Previous photometric measurements of transiting planets with the Spitzer Space Telescope have given hints of the presence of CO2, but have not yielded definitive detections owing to the lack of unambiguous spectroscopic identification. Here we present the detection of CO2 in the atmosphere of the gas giant exoplanet WASP-39b from transmission spectroscopy observations obtained with JWST as part of the Early Release Science programme. The data used in this study span 3.0–5.5 micrometres in wavelength and show a prominent CO2 absorption feature at 4.3 micrometres (26-sigma significance). The overall spectrum is well matched by one-dimensional, ten-times solar metallicity models that assume radiative–convective–thermochemical equilibrium and have moderate cloud opacity. These models predict that the atmosphere should have water, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in addition to CO2, but little methane. Furthermore, we also tentatively detect a small absorption feature near 4.0 micrometres that is not reproduced by these models

Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Prehospital Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock: Outcomes of the Cal-PAT Study

Introduction: The California Prehospital Antifibrinolytic Therapy (Cal-PAT) study seeks to assess thesafety and impact on patient mortality of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in cases of trauma-inducedhemorrhagic shock. The current study further aimed to assess the feasibility of prehospital TXA administrationby paramedics within the framework of North American emergency medicine standards and protocols.Methods: This is an ongoing multi-centered, prospective, observational cohort study with a retrospectivechart-review comparison. Trauma patients identified in the prehospital setting with signs of hemorrhagicshock by first responders were administered one gram of TXA followed by an optional second one-gram doseupon arrival to the hospital, if the patient still met inclusion criteria. Patients administered TXA make up theprehospital intervention group. Control group patients met the same inclusion criteria as TXA candidates andwere matched with the prehospital intervention patients based on mechanism of injury, injury severity score,and age. The primary outcomes were mortality, measured at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 28 days. Secondaryoutcomes measured included the total blood products transfused and any known adverse events associatedwith TXA administration.Results: We included 128 patients in the prehospital intervention group and 125 in the control group.Although not statistically significant, the prehospital intervention group trended toward a lower 24-hourmortality rate (3.9% vs 7.2% for intervention and control, respectively, p=0.25), 48-hour mortality rate (6.3%vs 7.2% for intervention and control, respectively, p=0.76), and 28-day mortality rate (6.3% vs 10.4% forintervention and control, respectively, p=0.23). There was no significant difference observed in knownadverse events associated with TXA administration in the prehospital intervention group and control group. Areduction in total blood product usage was observed following the administration of TXA (control: 6.95 units;intervention: 4.09 units; p=0.01).Conclusion: Preliminary evidence from the Cal-PAT study suggests that TXA administration may be safe inthe prehospital setting with no significant change in adverse events observed and an associated decreaseduse of blood products in cases of trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock. Given the current sample size, astatistically significant decrease in mortality was not observed. Additionally, this study demonstrates thatit may be feasible for paramedics to identify and safely administer TXA in the prehospital setting

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS.

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy1-4. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality5-9. Here we present the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b obtained using the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans 0.6-2.8 μm in wavelength and shows several water-absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet and signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS/SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favouring a heavy-element enhancement ('metallicity') of about 10-30 times the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are also best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-grey clouds with inhomogeneous coverageof the planet's terminator